Category: Biomarkers and Laboratory Measurements
Baseline Biomarker
Baseline biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) refer to the initial measurement of a biological, chemical, or imaging indicator recorded prior to the start of a therapeutic intervention or clinical trial. These baseline values establish a crucial reference point used to track natural disease progression, monitor muscle tissue integrity, and evaluate the efficacy of emerging genetic or pharmacological treatments over time.
• Creatine Kinase (CK) Levels: A muscle-specific enzyme released into the bloodstream in very high concentrations whenever the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) is damaged, acting as a primary baseline indicator of ongoing muscle cell breakdown as outlined in the PMC Article on Biomarkers in Duchenne. • Muscle-Derived Serum Proteins and Enzymes (AST, ALT, and Proteomic Signatures): Liver-associated or muscle-derived enzymes alongside specific circulating blood proteins (such as RGMA, ART3, and ANTXR2) profiled at baseline to reflect motor performance trajectories and inflammatory status. • Dystrophin Expression Levels: The molecular quantification of missing or altered dystrophin protein measured directly from muscle biopsy samples using Western blot or immunohistochemistry before treatment begins. • Quantitative Muscle MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Non-invasive imaging assessments used at baseline to measure muscle volume, edema, and fatty infiltration, providing an objective structural benchmark that complements physical functional tests.
- Updated November 6, 2026