{"id":3933,"date":"2026-04-14T16:34:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T13:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/?p=3933"},"modified":"2026-04-14T16:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T13:51:16","slug":"nucleotide-in-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/nucleotide-in-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#what-is-a-nucleotide\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#the-role-of-nucleotides-in-dmd\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-nucleotide-mutations-cause-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#frameshift-mutations-and-their-impact\">\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#reading-frame-rule-duchenne-vs-becker\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#molecular-mechanisms-behind-dmd\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#exons-introns-and-nucleotide-organization\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#therapeutic-approaches-targeting-nucleotides\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#why-understanding-nucleotides-matters-for-families\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#future-research-directions\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions-faq\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQ)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#faq-question-1776171481304\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#faq-question-1776171503171\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#faq-question-1776171518899\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a (DMD) \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#faq-question-1776171525903\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#faq-question-1776171536792\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#academic-sources-and-references\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-nucleotide\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basic-structure-of-a-nucleotide\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a DNA. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0632)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dna-as-a-language\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA) \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u062a\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\" class=\"wp-image-7559\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-747x420.jpg 747w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-696x392.jpg 696w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Nucleotide-in-Duchenne-Muscular-Dystrophy-2-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-role-of-nucleotides-in-dmd\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-nucleotide-sequences-control-protein-production\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-dystrophin-protein-and-its-importance\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-nucleotide-mutations-cause-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-nucleotide-mutations-in-dmd\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-deletions\">1. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-duplications\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-point-mutations\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/types-of-genetic-variants-in-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frameshift-mutations-and-their-impact\">\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reading-frame-rule-duchenne-vs-becker\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"out-of-frame-mutations\">\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/genetic-causes-of-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1429\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"in-frame-mutations\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/becker-muscular-dystrophy-bmd\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4900\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"molecular-mechanisms-behind-dmd\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transcription-and-translation\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a DNA \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a RNA \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nonsense-mutations\">\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exons-introns-and-nucleotide-organization\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-exons\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-exons-matter-in-dmd\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"therapeutic-approaches-targeting-nucleotides\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exon-skipping-therapy\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 &quot;\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nonsense-mutation-readthrough\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gene-editing\">\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 CRISPR \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-understanding-nucleotides-matters-for-families\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"early-diagnosis\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"personalized-medicine\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"future-research-directions\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rna-based-therapies\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (RNA) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"precision-medicine\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions-faq\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1776171481304\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a (DMD)\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1776171503171\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1776171518899\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a (DMD) \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 DMD Warrior \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/tr\/duchenne-exon-deletion-tool\/\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1776171525903\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1776171536792\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a (RNA)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647.<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"academic-sources-and-references\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\ud83e\uddec-foundational-dmd-genetics-studies\">\ud83e\uddec \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628. \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1987).<br><em>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0092867487905794\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/em><br>\ud83d\udc49 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1987).<br><em>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 cDNA \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a (DMD) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3607877\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature<\/a><\/em><br>\ud83d\udc48 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646 DMD.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\ud83e\uddec-mutation-mechanisms-nucleotide-level-changes\">\ud83e\uddec \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627-\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2016).<br><em>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26754139\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/em><br>\ud83d\udc48 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0625\u0645. \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 (2014).<br><em>\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25037084\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/em><br>\ud83d\udc49 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\ud83e\uddec-reading-frame-rule-disease-severity\">\ud83e\uddec \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2009).<br><em>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em><br>\ud83d\udc48 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\ud83d\udc8a-therapeutic-approaches-targeting-nucleotides\">\ud83d\udc8a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0622\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 (2007).<br><em>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/em><br>\ud83d\udc48 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2019).<br><em>\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/em><br><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/em><br>\ud83d\udc48 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding the nucleotide in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is essential for grasping how this severe genetic disorder develops at the molecular level. The role of nucleotides in DMD goes far beyond simple DNA structure\u2014they directly influence how the dystrophin protein is produced, or fails to be produced. In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), even small nucleotide alterations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[351,676,678,677,675],"class_list":["post-3933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-dmd","tag-dna","tag-dna-sequence","tag-frameshift-mutation","tag-genetic-mutation","tag-nucleotide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3933"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3933\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmdwarrior.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3933"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}